Refraction of Light
Sol - Mar 11, 2004 7:25 pm
Edited Mar 14, 2004 12:39 pm
Sol
- Mar 11, 2004 12:12 am (#1 of 44)
| Plotinus (204-270 C.E.) |
Plotinus' contributions to the philosophical understanding of the individual psyche, of personality and sense-perception, and the essential question of how we come to know what we know, cannot be properly understood or appreciated apart from his cosmological and metaphysical theories. However, the Enneads do contain more than a few treatises and passages that deal explicitly with what we today would refer to as psychology and epistemology. Plotinus is usually spurred on in such investigations by three over-arching questions and difficulties: (1) how the immaterial soul comes to be united with a material body, (2) whether all souls are one, and (3) whether the higher part of the soul is to be held responsible for the misdeeds of the lower part. Plotinus responds to the first difficulty by employing a metaphor. The Soul, he tells us, is like an eternal and pure light whose single ray comes to reflected through a prism; this prism is matter. The result of this reflection is that the single ray is 'fragmented' into various and multi-colored rays, which give the appearance of being unique and separate rays of light, but yet owe their source to the single pure ray of light that has come to illumine the formerly dark 'prism' of matter. If the single ray of light were to remain the same, or rather, if it were to refuse to illuminate matter, its power would be limited.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/p/plotinus.htm#Psychology and Epistemology
Sol
- Mar 11, 2004 7:30 pm (#2 of 44)
Thomas Young
Thomas Young (1773-1829)
Thomas Young was an English physician and physicist, with a brilliant mind and eclectic interests. By the age of fourteen it is said that he was acquainted with Latin, Greek, French, Italian, Hebrew, Arabic and Persian. So great was his knowledge that he was called called Phenomena Young by his fellow students at Cambridge. He studied medicine in London, Edinburgh, and Göttingen and set up medical practice in London. His initial interest was in sense perception, and he was the first to realize that the eye focusses by changing the shape of the lens. He discovered the cause of astigmatism, and was the initiator, with Helmoltz, of the three colour theory of perception, believing that the eye constructed its sense of colour using only three receptors, for red, green and blue. In 1801 he was appointed Professor of Physics at Cambridge university. His famous double-slit experiment established that light was a wave motion, although this conclusion was strongly opposed by contemporary scientists who believed that Newton, who had proposed that light was corpuscular in nature, could not possibly be wrong. However Young's work was soon confirmed by the French scientists Fresnel and Arago. He proposed that light was a transverse wave motion (as opposed to longitudinal) whose wavelenght determined the colour. Since it was thought that all wave motions had to be supported in a material medium, light waves were presumed to travel through a so-called aether, which was supposed to fill the entire universe. He became very interested in Egyptology, and his studies of the Rosetta stone, discovered on one of Napoleon's expeditions in 1814, contributed greatly to the subsequent deciphering of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. He did work in surface tension, elasticity (Young's modulus, a measure of the rigidity of materials, is named after him), and gave one of the earliest scientific definitions of energy.
http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PHY100F/young.htm
Sol
- Mar 11, 2004 7:37 pm (#3 of 44)
Thomas Young(1773-1829)
"...a man alike eminent in almost every department of human learning."
Young applied his new wave theory of light to explain the colors of thin films such as soap bubbles, and by relating color to wavelength, he calculated the approximate wavelengths of the seven colors recognized by Newton. His proposal of this wave theory of light was not accepted by most English scientists of the period because it opposed Newton's theory of light. It was not until Young worked with French physicists Augustin Fresnel and Francois Arago that his wave theory began to be accepted in Europe.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/young.html
Sol
- Mar 13, 2004 5:53 am (#4 of 44)
Newton's Opticks
This work represents a major contribution to science, different from-but in some ways rivaling-the Principia. The Opticks is largely a record of experiments and the deductions made from them, covering a wide range of topics in what was later to be known as physical optics. That is, this work is not a geometric discussion of catoptrics or dioptrics, the traditional subjects of reflection of light by mirrors of different shapes and the exploration of how light is "bent" as it passes from one medium, such as air, into another, such as water or glass. Rather, the Opticks is a study of the nature of light and color and the various phenomena of diffraction, which Newton called the "inflexion" of light.
http://dibinst.mit.edu/BURNDY/Collections/Babson/OnlineNewton/Opticks.htm
Sol
- Mar 13, 2004 7:21 am (#5 of 44)
EM Spectrum
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 4:45 am (#6 of 44)
Classic Two-Slit Experiment
We choose to examine a phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum mechanics. In reality, it contains the only mystery."
The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Volume III, 1-1.
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 4:56 am (#7 of 44)
The double-slit experiment
Young carried out his original double-slit experiment with light some time in the first decade of the 1800s, showing that the waves of light from the two slits interfered to produce a characteristic fringe pattern on a screen. In 1909 Geoffrey Ingram (G I) Taylor conducted an experiment in which he showed that even the feeblest light source - equivalent to "a candle burning at a distance slightly exceeding a mile" - could lead to interference fringes. This led to Dirac's famous statement that "each photon then interferes only with itself".
In 1927 Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer observed the diffraction of electron beams from a nickel crystal - demonstrating the wave-like properties of particles for the first time - and George (G P) Thompson did the same with thin films of celluloid and other materials shortly afterwards. Davisson and Thomson shared the 1937 Nobel prize for "discovery of the interference phenomena arising when crystals are exposed to electronic beams", but neither performed a double-slit experiment with electrons.
http://physicsweb.org/article/world/15/9/1
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 5:00 am (#8 of 44)
The most beautiful experiment
The spatial intensity distribution of electrons that have interfered in a Young's double-slit experiment
The double-slit experiment exemplifies the wave-particle duality of light, as well as quantum physics itself. It demonstrates that light interferes with itself in passing through a pair of slits. It also shows that even single electrons - proceeding one by one - interfere. Richard Feynman is said to have remarked that it contains everything you need to know about quantum mechanics.
The double-slit experiment with electrons possesses all of the aspects of beauty most frequently mentioned by readers - although, unlike all of the other experiments in the top 10, it does not have anyone's name attached to it. It is transformative, being able to convince even the most die-hard sceptics of the truth of quantum mechanics. "Before seeing it," one respondent wrote, "I didn't believe a single word of 'modern' physics." It is economical: the equipment is readily obtained and the concepts are readily understandable, despite its revolutionary result. It is also deep play: the experiment stages a performance that does not occur in nature, but unfolds only in a special situation set up by human beings. In doing so, it dramatically reveals - before our very eyes - something more than was put into it.
"I saw it during an optics course at Edinburgh University," wrote respondent Alison Campbell, an astronomer at St Andrews University. "The prof didn't tell us what was going to happen, and the impact was tremendous. I cannot remember the experimental details any more - I just remember the distribution of points that I suddenly saw were arranged in a diffraction pattern. Seeing the two-slit experiment is like watching a total solar eclipse for the first time: a primitive thrill passes through you and the little hairs on your arms stand up. You think this particle-wave thing is really true and the foundations of your knowledge shift and sway."
http://physicsweb.org/article/world/15/9/2
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 6:26 pm (#9 of 44)
Huygens' Principle
Diffraction processes are most noticeable when the obstruction or gap ( aperture ) is about the same size as the wavelength of the impinging wave.
http://www.launc.tased.edu.au/online/sciences/physics/diffrac.html
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 6:31 pm (#10 of 44)
Huygens' Principle
In 1678 the great Dutch physicist Christian Huygens (1629-1695) wrote a treatise called Traite de la Lumiere on the wave theory of light, and in this work he stated that the wavefront of a propagating wave of light at any instant conforms to the envelope of spherical wavelets emanating from every point on the wavefront at the prior instant (with the understanding that the wavelets have the same speed as the overall wave). An illustration of this idea, now known as Huygens' Principle, is shown below. 
http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath242/kmath242.htm
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 6:38 pm (#11 of 44)
Huygen's principle: why it shouldn't and why it does work
Huygens' principle tells us to consider each point on a wavefront as a new source of radiation and add the "radiation" from all of the new "sources" together. Physically this makes no sense at all. Light does not emit light; only accelerating charges emit light. Thus we will begin by throwing out Huygens' principle completely; later we will see that it actually does give the right answer for the wrong reasons.
http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~phy7c/huygens.html
Sol
- Mar 14, 2004 6:42 pm (#12 of 44)
One Photon is Noise
Any impurites in the length of the tubes and vacuums in that tube, must have been considered for us to undrstand any impurities would have had again, disasterous effects on the refractability of what could have interferred with that signal.
I would like to undertand this better in light of the applications of interferometry considerations. We see now where the understanding of Einstein is of great value here and the progression has been moved along nicely in what was considered by Kip Thorne and what should have been placed in space(LISA)
Sol "Bubble Eversions and Geometrodynamics" 12/24/03 6:06am
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:01 pm (#13 of 44)
Christian Huygens (1629 - 1695)
From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball.
On his return in 1690 Huygens published his treatise on light in which the undulatory theory was expounded and explained. Most of this had been written as early as 1678. The general idea of the theory had been suggested by Robert Hooke in 1664, but he had not investigated its consequences in any detail. Only three ways have been suggested in which light can be produced mechanically. Either the eye may be supposed to send out something which, so to speak, feels the object (as the Greeks believed); or the object perceived may send out something which hits or affects the eye (as assumed in the emission theory); or there may be some medium between the eye and the object, and the object may cause some change in the form or condition of this intervening medium and thus affect the eye (as Hooke and Huygens supposed in the wave or undulatory theory). According to this last theory space is filled with an extremely rare ether, and light is caused by a series of waves or vibrations in this ether which are set in motion by the pulsations of the luminous body. From this hypothesis Huygens deduced the laws of reflexion and refraction, explained the phenomenon of double refraction, and gave a construction for the extraordinary ray in biaxal crystals; while he found by experiment the chief phenomena of polarization.
http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Huygens/RouseBall/RB_Huygens.html
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:08 pm (#14 of 44)
Robert Hooke
18 July 1635 in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, England
When Newton produced his theory of light and colour in 1672, Hooke claimed that what was correct in Newton's theory was stolen from his own ideas about light of 1665 and what was original was wrong. This marked the beginning of severe arguments between the two. In 1672 Hooke attempted to prove that the Earth moves in an ellipse round the Sun and six years later proposed that inverse square law of gravitation to explain planetary motions. Hooke wrote to Newton in 1679 asking for his opinion:-
... of compounding the celestiall motions of the planetts of a direct motion by the tangent (inertial motion) and an attractive motion towards the centrall body ... my supposition is that the Attraction always is in a duplicate proportion to the Distance from the Center Reciprocall ...
Hooke, however, seemed unable to give a mathematical proof of his conjectures or perhaps unwilling to devote his time to this type of pursuit. However he claimed priority over the inverse square law and this led to a bitter dispute with Newton who, as a consequence, removed all references to Hooke from the Principia.
Frequent bitter disputes with fellow scientists occurred throughout Hooke's life. On the other hand, we should note that he was on very good terms with some colleagues, particularly Boyle and Wren. Historians have described Hooke as a difficult and unreasonable man but in many ways this is a harsh judgement. There is no doubt that Hooke genuinely felt that others had stolen ideas which he had been first to put forward. It is easy to see why this happened. Hooke did indeed come up with a vast range of brilliant ideas many of which were claimed by others not because they wished to steal them from him, but rather because Hooke never followed through developing his ideas into building comprehensive theories. He failed to develop major theories from his inspired ideas for the simple reason that he did not really have the technical ability to develop such comprehensive theories as some of his contemporaries like Newton and Huygens.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hooke.html
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:14 pm (#15 of 44)
Hooke's Law
One of the properties of elasticity is that it takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far. That linear dependence of displacement upon stretching force is called Hooke's law. 
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/permot2.html#c3
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:19 pm (#16 of 44)
Young's Modulus
For the description of the elastic properties of linear objects like wires, rods, columns which are either stretched or compressed, a convenient parameter is the ratio of the stress to the strain, a parameter called the Young's modulus of the material. Young's modulus can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is less than the yield strength of the material. 
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/permot3.html#c2
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:27 pm (#17 of 44)
Mass on Spring: Motion Sequence
A mass on a spring will trace out a sinusoidal pattern as a function of time, as will any object vibrating in simple harmonic motion. One way to visualize this pattern is to walk in a straight line at constant speed while carriying the vibrating mass. Then the mass will trace out a sinusoidal path in space as well as time 
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/shm2.html#c3
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:33 pm (#18 of 44)
The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
Sol said:First principles recognizes a point source, yet the defintion of, is steeped in, what is understood of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator. How would we look differently at the big bang had this view now been instituted, and theoretcilly we understand the language of strings( based on Einstein's developemental stage of SR and GR), geometrically defined, and we understand what a string can do. What a point source can do.
http://superstringtheory.com/forum/metaboard/messages17/105.html
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:36 pm (#19 of 44)
So what is String Theory then?
Pythagoras could be called the first known string theorist. Pythagoras, an excellent lyre player, figured out the first known string physics -- the harmonic relationship. Pythagoras realized that vibrating Lyre strings of equal tensions but different lengths would produce harmonious notes (i.e. middle C and high C) if the ratio of the lengths of the two strings were a whole number.
Pythagoras discovered this by looking and listening. Today that information is more precisely encoded into mathematics, namely the wave equation for a string with a tension T and a mass per unit length m. If the string is described in coordinates as in the drawing below, where x is the distance along the string and y is the height of the string, as the string oscillates in time t, 
http://superstringtheory.com/basics/basic4a.html
Sol
- Mar 16, 2004 12:53 pm (#20 of 44)
The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
From: cshan64@hotmail.com (sol)
Newsgroups: sci.physics
Subject: The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
NNTP-Posting-Host: 152.163.252.163
First principles recognizes a point source, yet the defintion of, is
steeped in, what is understood of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator. How
would we look differently at the big bang had this view now been
instituted, and theoretcilly we understand the language of strings(
based on Einstein's developemental stage of SR and GR), geometrically
defined, and we understand what a string can do. What a point source
can do.
Sol 3/16/04 4:33am
I still maintain the relevance of the geoemtrical consideration and
relation of the blackhole to the components of collapse in the bubble
from resulting cavitation. In reocgnizing phonon dispersion through
the surface and transferred inside.
I am open to constructive criticism's, not verbage that show's
complete lack of respect. Anyone can be smart, and just as easily
stupid. It takes a finer gentlemen to strive above that. I hope to do
this.
I hope Uncle Al will refrain from responding, unless he can guide in a
most respectful manner. I do appreciate the higher perspective, from
what I do not see. That a fine teacher can extoll higher virutes as
well as gain respect. Not allowing the insanity that can run rampant
from allowing intelligence its free roam with no restrain, hurts the
atmosphere of the google forum.
Without help, John Nash would have never allowed us to understand the
beautiful mind.
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 4:26 am (#21 of 44)
Dr. Lev Okun, ITEP, Russia
Mass, Photons, Gravity
http://online.itp.ucsb.edu/online/colloq/okun1/
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 2:33 pm (#22 of 44)
A Distant Object Sheds Light On Our Universe
"The information is out there for the taking," says Brad Whitmore, an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, which conducts the Hubble's science program.
A photon, which is sometimes considered a "particle" of light but also acts like a wave, is astonishingly durable and unflagging. A photon can be absorbed by dust as it travels through space, but it doesn't ever splinter or fracture or crumble into lesser ingredients. Speeding along at 186,000 miles per second, a photon can make it all the way across the universe.
"They go on forever," Brown said yesterday. "It's energy, and unless there's some reason for the energy to dissipate, it will just continue on."
Light carries information. The redshift of galactic light can tell us about the distance to the source. Tiny idiosyncrasies in the spectrum of a packet of light tell us if a reflecting object is particularly laden with, say, carbon, oxygen, iron or whatnot. With a little deduction and extrapolation and an extremely fancy telescope we may someday be able to analyze the atmospheres of planets orbiting distant stars. Certain spectral features of the light might strongly suggest that the planet was an abode of living things, perhaps using photosynthesis as do oxygen-emitting plants on Earth.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A64910-2004Mar16.html
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 3:15 pm (#23 of 44)
What is a Photon?
The question is simple enough.
I have found Baez's comment on it and I am unclear as to what the true defintion is although I have been listening to Dr Lev Okun in regards to what mass definition might mean.
At first it appears, there is a difference in relativistic mass, and then Dr Lev Okun saids there is only one definition.
Sol 3/16/04 8:26pm
Also another question arises in my mind how the thinking was developing alongside of men like Huygen, Hooke, Young, in regards to the issues of elasticity. How might of this contributed to the issues of the aether, and the resolutions needed by Einstein's work.
People in google forum do not need to be afraid of what Uncle Al saids, for those who are truly question the values of science are the ones I would rather converse with, and those who have the knowledge, were once in anyone of our positions.
Arrogance breeds its own demise, and to think I am challenging the character of Uncle Al, needs no help from me, or is standing in the way of good information he can supply.
The fertile ground of conversation is what I am after, and my forum is a resource that I am building to gain in perspective. I distill the information from that conversation, as much as I take with me the question of the what the photon is. I use that mantra from thread captions in google forum as well as from other forum.
As well, I use current information to see where the thinking is moving too.
Sol 3/17/04 7:16am
The thread Refraction of Light was born to understand the historical. The aether question arose from continuing to develope.
Thanks
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 5:00 pm (#24 of 44)
Through SR and Gr, the definition has to be well understood for me to speak on what being held to the brane means, yet it includes all definitions that currently exist in formulation, for brane worlds as a issue to be discussed.
Having this in front of me, and speaking about the clarity on the issue of the photon, has to explain why it is held to the brane, when it too is a boson and like the graviton, is a force carrier. Why can gravitons roam freely in the bulk, and photons held to the spacetime fabric?
Kip thorne helps to illucidate in interferometer( cosmological proportions), moved too, as in LIGO?
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 10:48 pm (#25 of 44)
quantum electrodynamics
(QED), quantum field theory that describes the properties of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with electrically charged matter in the framework of quantum theory . QED deals with processes involving the creation of elementary particles from electromagnetic energy, and with the reverse processes in which a particle and its antiparticle annihilate each other and produce energy. The fundamental equations of QED apply to the emission and absorption of light by atoms and the basic interactions of light with electrons and other elementary particles. Charged particles interact by emitting and absorbing photons , the particles of light that transmit electromagnetic forces. For this reason, QED is also known as the quantum theory of light. QED is based on the elements of quantum mechanics laid down by such physicists as P. A. M. Dirac , W. Heisenberg , and W. Pauli during the 1920s, when photons were first postulated. In 1928 Dirac discovered an equation describing the motion of electrons that incorporated both the requirements of quantum theory and the theory of special relativity . During the 1930s, however, it became clear that QED as it was then postulated gave the wrong answers for some relatively elementary problems. For example, although QED correctly described the magnetic properties of the electron and its antiparticle, the positron, it proved difficult to calculate specific physical quantities such as the mass and charge of the particles. It was not until the late 1940s, when experiments conducted during World War II that had used microwave techniques stimulated further work, that these difficulties were resolved. Proceeding independently, Freeman J. Dyson, Richard P. Feynman and Julian S. Schwinger in the United States and Shinichiro Tomonaga in Japan refined and fully developed QED. They showed that two charged particles can interact in a series of processes of increasing complexity, and that each of these processes can be represented graphically through a diagramming technique developed by Feynman. Not only do these diagrams provide an intuitive picture of the process but they show how to precisely calculate the variables involved. The mathematical structures of QED later were adapted to the study of the strong interactions between quarks, which is called quantum chromodynamics .
http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/q1/quantumel.asp
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 10:57 pm (#26 of 44)
Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
Quantum electrodynamics, commonly referred to as QED, is a quantum field theory of the electromagnetic force. Taking the example of the force between two electrons, the classical theory of electromagnetism would describe it as arising from the electric field produced by each electron at the position of the other. The force can be calculated from Coulomb's law.
The quantum field theory approach visualizes the force between the electeons as an exchange force arising from the exchange of virtual photons. It is represented by a series of Feynman diagrams, the most basic of which is 
With time proceeding upward in the diagram, this diagram describes the electron interaction in which two electrons enter, exchange a photon, and then emerge. Using a mathematical approach known as the Feynman calculus, the strength of the force can be calculated in a series of steps which assign contributions to each of the types of Feynman diagrams associated with the force.
QED applies to all electromagnetic phenomena associated with charged fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons, and the associated phenomena such as pair production, electron-positron annihilation, Compton scattering, etc. It was used to precisely model some quantum phenomena which had no classical analogs, such as the Lamb shift and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. QED was the first successful quantum field theory, incorporating such ideas as particle creation and annihilation into a self-consistent framework. The development of the theory was the basis of the 1965 Nobel Prize in physics, awarded to Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger and Sin-itero Tomonaga.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/qed.html
Sol
- Mar 17, 2004 11:01 pm (#27 of 44)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965
http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 5:37 pm (#28 of 44)
James Clerk Maxwell, 1876
"In speaking of the Energy of the field, however, I wish to be understood literally. All energy is the same as mechanical energy, whether it exists in the form of motion or in that of elasticity, or in any other form. The energy in electromagnetic phenomena is mechanical energy."
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 5:46 pm (#29 of 44)
Klatu's question
Sol, you brought up photons. Do you have any material on the four polarizations of the photon?
How and when was it determined there are four polarizations?
Is it a mathematical derivation?
Some say two of these are rectilinear polarizations: up/down (best represented thus: "|") and left/right ("—"). The other two are diagonal polarizations: diagonal left ("\") and diagonal right ("/"). What does that mean?
Bearden says they are x, y, z and t.
Or are they just four quantum states without meaning?
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 5:52 pm (#30 of 44)
Engaging the Field
Posted by sol on June 25, 2003 at 11:26:56:
Osher,
Consider this for a moment?
If we had moved our perception above the field of converstaion, what would you ave attributed the field too?
There are classical definitons of the word "field"? Might we have engaged Roman minds?
Well the perception is leading, in the sense that we might have discussed metric points here, and the distance between, that we might have also engaged gaussian interpetations of higher dimensional understanding?
So we must undertand where and how, such higher dimensional thoughts can engaged, that we have a road that has been lead through geometrically considered. A map.
Out of recognition of you and your wife, and the unique realtionship of the Logician and the psychologist, we have a strange marriage of thought here?:)I mean that in a most respectful way.:)
I place this link here for you, so you understand, that I have explored these issues as well, and have not disenfranchised the responsibility, as repsonsible human beings must, as we move throughout that information:)
Sol
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 5:54 pm (#31 of 44)
Vasant Corporation
Posted by sol on June 25, 2003 at 11:38:57:
These guys are keeping a watchful eye on the udertsanding of the physics of:)
Do a google search. What is Spin wave technology? There are links within this forum that requires me to go back and retrieve them.
Simultanety is a important question about two spheres and the relationship, about the information on one, revealing the position of the orientation of the other.
What does a spin orientated sheet look like? I have shown this as well, and these movements(spins) were defined?
I needed strict guidance, and Dickt was most instrumental in helping to orientate a proper view ,as well as Doc, in our conversations.
Sol
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 5:59 pm (#32 of 44)
Spin Wave Diagram
Jonathan Flynn 
Sol
- Jan 23, 2004 6:29 pm (#33 of 44)
...'Vasant in Sanskrit means the season Spring?
The study also concludes there is a possible link between gravity and electromagnetism that can be exploited to generate antigravity or electrogravity effects. These publications are for people with a background in physics and electromagnetism.
http://www.vasantcorporation.com/
Spin Wave:
NOUN: Physics A wave propagated through a crystal lattice as a result of shifts in atomic magnetic fields associated with the spin angular momentum of electrons in the lattice.
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 6:12 pm (#34 of 44)
How Penrose Broke the Mould
Posted by sol on December 24, 2002 at 10:32:49:
Kx21,
It was important to understand this evolution and roots, to have better understood the value of this historical progression. You will find the posts correspond quite nicely to the articles that I have moved this discussion through a sequence of events.
It began with Einstein, and today, we have a interesting question about photon splitting, the sum of its parts, and about, what information could have existed. How such distances, can have been removed to have least time principle at the heart of science today?
For me to understand this progression, it was necessary to understand this history, gives us a good understanding of that standard model, the force carriers and their role in how we might have understood this progression.
What does strings have to do with all this and Dickt summation on Dirac to Superstring theory, is a basis from which to work. There is a lot in between, that one must visit Einstein and the Reinmann sphere and what is of value in geometrical expression and the dimensional significance.
Penrose now raises a understanding about the value of spin we did not have before?
Superstring theory answers this value of Einstein, in simultameity, that the Bell Theorem now handles quite nicely. We have those who like the Aton Zielinger, with the Aspect experiments allowed us to speak to this, as well as Holt Shimony and Chuaser. I am sure I have missed many people that we have not understood this historical, necessary as well.
Sol
See:Introduction to Cryptology
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 9:47 pm (#35 of 44)
James Maxwell 1831-1879
Scottish mathematician and physicist who published physical and mathematical theories of the electromagnetic field. When he first became interested in electricity, he wrote Kelvin asking how best to proceed. Kelvin recommended that Maxwell read the published works in the order Faraday, Kelvin, Ampère, and then the German physicists. Maxwell wanted to present electricity in its most simple form. He started out by writing a paper entitled "On Faraday's Lines of Force" (1856), in which he translated Faraday's theories into mathematical form, presenting the lines of force as imaginary tubes containing an incompressible fluid. He then published "On Physical Lines of Force" (1861) in which he treated the lines of force as real entities, based on the movement of iron filings in a magnetic field and using the analogy of an idle wheel. He also presented a derivation that light consists of transverse undulations of the same medium which is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. Finally, he published a purely mathematical theory in "On a Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" (1865).
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Maxwell.html
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 9:50 pm (#36 of 44)
These equations were one of the greatest achievements of the nineteenth century. Even Einstein acknowledged that the special theory of relativity owes its origins to Maxwell's equations. He also said:
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Projects/Johnson/Chapters/Ch4_4.html
Sol
- Mar 19, 2004 10:41 pm (#37 of 44)
Hans Christian Ørsted
born Aug. 14, 1777, Rudkøbing, Denmark
died March 9, 1851, Copenhagen
Hans Christian Ørsted, one of the leading scientists of the nineteenth century, played a crucial role in understanding electromagnetism. In 1820 he discovered that a compass needle deflects from magnetic north when an electric current is switched on or off in a nearby wire. This showed that electricity and magnetism were related phenomena, a finding that laid the foundation for the theory of electromagnetism and for the research that later created such technologies as radio, television and fiber optics. The unit of magnetic field strength was named the Oersted in his honor.
http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/oersted.htm
Sol
- Mar 21, 2004 8:17 pm (#38 of 44)
Schrodinger's Kittens and the Search for Reality, by John Gribbin
"In the modern interpretation of Maxwell's equations, the ether and the vortices have vanished, and have been replaced by the reality of Faraday's lines of force, the electromagnetic field. Of course, this is the only latest image to hold center stage; we have no better idea of what is 'real' for an electron than Faraday, or Maxwell, or anyone else, had. The advantage of the field theory is that it is simple, and that it shows the way mathematics works in a clear-cut way. But models should never be regarded as anything more then an aid to the imagination, a way of helping us to picture(or calculate) what is going on. The reality resides in the mathematical equations themselves, whether the equations are used to describe electromagnetic waves, heat in a solid, or te flow of water. As long as the equations correctly tell us how the system will change when it is disturbed in a certain way, it really doesn't matter how you picture the interplay of forces at work."
Page 66 and 67, Ancient Light
Sol
- Mar 21, 2004 8:24 pm (#39 of 44)
Newton to Einstein
Sol
- Mar 21, 2004 11:29 pm (#40 of 44)
And then there was Light
So you now have this pure form.
Maxwell's equations are also about half an inch long. For example, Maxwell's equations say that the "four-dimensional divergence of an antisymmetric, second-rank tensor equals zero." That's Maxwell's equations, the equations for light. And in fact, at Berkeley, you can buy a T-shirt which says, "In the beginning, God said the four-dimensional divergence of an antisymmetric, second rank tensor equals zero, and there was Light, and it was good."
http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0585.html?
Sol
- Mar 21, 2004 11:39 pm (#41 of 44)
Posted by sol on August 21, 2003 at 20:20:30:
I would add here that gravity is spoken to in the spacetime issue and from a flat brane world, absent of gravitational considertaions, we begin from any point?:)
Gravity then is considered away from Euclidean undertanding, but reinvents itself in dimensional interpretation, in the issue of energy. You must know what U(1) is ? What is A, without undertanding that B is to follow sets up the idea of energy and distance? This is contained in the energy value. Learn that and you learn the distance and relation in a dimensional sense.
What is one inch to a photon that travels from it's destination, goes through the slits and arranges itself on the backdrop? IN a graviatinal sense, how many points does it have to travel through?
Any corrections?
Sol
See:We Find God in the Strangest Things:)
Sol
- Mar 26, 2004 4:43 am (#42 of 44)
Understanding Dimension?
A picture sometimes can serve as a visual aid, as to what might be happening in such a gravity field?
I was wondering if this is such a possibility?
Also, such visualizations can be an artist's dream?
How did Picasso contribute to Einstein?
graceman25 - Nov 4, 2008 11:07 pm (#43 of 44)
answer
What is one inch to a photon that travels from it's destination, goes through the slits and arranges itself on the backdrop? IN a graviatinal sense, how many points does it have to travel through?
All. all points. not just the observable ones in your closed system, its also moving through the points in your head, eyes, your neighbor, ect... all points. for all intents and puroses light is everywhere all at once. you know this. the observable experiment is for you, that is the way which you changed the results when you observed it. therefore 1 photon appearing through 5 slits when only 1 is open is the light telling you that it is everywhere no matter what you do or dont do. its answering the question you asked it. again, observing a phenomena changes the result. light is intelegent.
Sol
- Nov 8, 2008 7:09 am (#44 of 44)
thanks
Refraction of Light